2005年1月全国大学英语四级考试全真试题
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Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Example:
You will hear:
You will read:
A) At the office.
B) In the waiting room.
C) At the airport.
D) In a restaurant.
From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, A) “At the office” is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]
B :The man lives far from the subway.
C :The man is good at driving.
D :The man used to own a car.
B :She approves of Tony’s decision.
C :Tony can choose another science course.
D :She can’t meet Tony so early in the morning.
B :She is particularly interested in plays.
C :She’s eager to watch the new play.
D :She can lend her notes to the man.
B :They will attract fewer kids as on-line education expands.
C :They will continue to exist along with on-line education.
D :They will limit their teaching to certain subjects only.
B :Most students find a job by reading advertisements.
C :Most students find it hard to get a job after they graduate.
D :Most students don’t want jobs advertised in the newspapers.
B :Turn the basement into a workshop.
C :Repair the washing machine.
D :Finish his assignment.
B :The professor has changed his reading assignment.
C :Some of the students are not on the professor’s list.
D :The professor has brought extra copies of his assignment.
B :She’s modest about her success in the contest.
C :She’s spent two years studying English in Canada.
D :She’s very proud of her success in the speech contest.
B :Writing up local news.
C :Reading newspapers.
D :Putting up advertisements.
B :They’d better change their mind.
C :The tennis game won’t last long.
D :Weather forecasts are not reliable.
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from SI to S7 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu (流感) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.
The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That’s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.
The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.
But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.
Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.
The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.
Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症),a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.
There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.
B :the patient buy medicine over the counter
C :the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs
D :prevent people from catching colds and the flu
B :aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the flu
C :delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system
D :over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu
B :one should consult a doctor as soon as possible
C :one should take medicine upon catching the disease
D :one should remain alert when the disease is spreading
B :A high temperature.
C :A sore throat.
D :A dry cough.
B :should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome
C :are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination
D :should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者) listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.
In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.
Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.
B :Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements
C :Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction
D :Japan’s higher education is superior to theirs
B :group experience
C :parental guidance
D :individually-oriented development
B :developing children’s artistic interests
C :tapping children’s potential
D :shaping children’s character
B :cultivate children’s creativity
C :lighten children’s study load
D :enrich children’s knowledge
B :They can accumulate more group experience there.
C :They can be individually oriented when they grow up.
D :They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.
A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining.
In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.
In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.
Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.
The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.
Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.
B :lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase
C :lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected
D :the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow
B :was enforced by law
C :was prohibited by law
D :was introduced
B :By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.
C :By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.
D :By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.
B :lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with
C :lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US
D :the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions
B :feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline
C :still consider lead pollution a problem
D :lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.
In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts: for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜饼). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. “Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,” says York Onnen, program director of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.
Still, exercise’s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.
If you have been sedentary (极少活动的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year’s time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.
B :They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.
C :They prefer “light” beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.
D :They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.
B :they find it hard to exercise while on a diet
C :they don’t think it possible to walk 3 miles every day
D :they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome
B :partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction
C :are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain one’s new weight
D :are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight
B :Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.
C :Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.
D :One could lose ten pounds in a year’s time if there’s no increase in food intake.
B :To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.
C :To support the statement made by York Onnen.
D :To show the most effective way to lose weight.
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
B :clumsy
C :intense
D :tricky
B :career
C :occupation
D :profession
B :consult
C :register
D :resolve
B :put up
C :put out
D :put aside
B :wasted
C :exhausted
D :consumed
B :evaluate
C :indicate
D :reckon
B :light
C :faint
D :minor
B :cooperate
C :accompany
D :associate
B :conscious
C :aware
D :radical
B :slightest
C :least
D :utmost
B :friendliness
C :warmth
D :affection
B :optional
C :voluntary
D :temporary
B :In all
C :At most
D :At last
B :assisted
C :contributed
D :witnessed
B :range
C :number
D :scale
B :draw on
C :wait on
D :count on
B :automatically
C :manually
D :synthetically
B :remove
C :relieve
D :dismiss
B :conference
C :inference
D :reference
B :special
C :precise
D :particular
B :figures
C :sketches
D :images
B :exclusion
C :modification
D :substitution
B :rank
C :category
D :grade
B :hinted
C :cited
D :displayed
B :sustain
C :endure
D :afford
B :constant
C :steady
D :plenty
B :consisting
C :involving
D :engaging
B :Regulated
C :Civil
D :Tame
B :reject
C :retreat
D :replace
B :assured
C :measured
D :insured
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The __61__ you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually __62__ you money or can add __63__ the cost.
Take the __64__ example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might __65__ that you are making the __66__ buy if you choose one __67__ look you like and which is also the cheapest __68__ price. But when you get it home you may find that it __69__ twice as long as a more expensive __70__ to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well __71__ your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.
So what principles should you __72__ when you go out shopping?
If you __73__ your home, your car or any valuable __74__ in excellent condition, you’ll be saving money in the long __75__.
Before you buy a new __76__, talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular __77__.
Before you buy an expensive __78__, or a service, do check the price and __79__ is on offer. If possible, choose __80__ three items or three estimates.
B :fashion
C :way
D :method
B :preserve
C :raise
D :retain
B :to
C :in
D :on
B :single
C :simple
D :similar
B :accept
C :examine
D :think
B :best
C :reasonable
D :most
B :which
C :whose
D :what
B :with
C :in
D :on
B :takes
C :lasts
D :consumes
B :copy
C :sample
D :model
B :make
C :leave
D :prove
B :lay
C :stick
D :adapt
B :decorate
C :store
D :keep
B :possession
C :material
D :ownership
B :interval
C :period
D :time
B :equipment
C :utility
D :facility
B :purpose
C :goal
D :task
B :element
C :item
D :particle
B :which
C :that
D :this
B :in
C :by
D :from
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作
2. 如果当选,你将为本校同学做些什么
A Campaign Speech (本题30 分)
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