英语四级模拟题二十

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综合题,请根据题目给出的内容,来回答下面给出的试题。

Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a Composition entitled The Prevalence of Western Holidays. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:


请根据上面给出的内容,来回答下面的简答题(共1题)。

1.我国某些传统节日受到冷遇,而西方节日却日益升温;
2.形成这种现象的原因;
3.你对这种现象的看法。
 

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Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)


请根据上面给出的内容,来回答下面的单项选择题(下列每小题备选答案中,只有一个符合题意的正确答案。每小题0分,共7题。)

Does contagious yawning mean you're nice?
You're in a conversation with another person and he casually yawns. As you wonder whether he's bored with the discussion, you find that you're yawning, too. A man walking by, sees you yawn, and pretty soon he yawns. It's carried on and on, passing from one person to another in a domino effect. Science is still investigating exactly what makes us yawn, but it's a well-known and little-studied fact: Yawning is contagious.
We know that much of yawning is due to suggestibility-it's infectious. You don't need to actually see a person yawn to involuntarily yawn yourself; hearing someone yawn or even reading about yawning can cause the same reaction. Chances are you'll yawn at least once while reading this article.
But contagious yawning goes beyond mere suggestibility. Recent studies show that the phenomenon is also related to our predisposition toward empathy--the ability to understand and connect with others' emotional states. It sounds strange, but whether or not you're susceptible to contagious yawning may actually be related to how much empathy you feel for others.
Empathy is an important part of cognitive development. We learn from an early age to value ourselves based on the amount and type of empathy our parents display, and developmental psychologists have furred that people who weren't shown empathy by their parents struggle later on in life. A lack of early empathy has been shown to lead to the development of sociopathic behavior in adults.
So empathy is important, sure, but how could it possibly be related to contagious yawning? Leave it up to psychologists at Leeds University in England to answer that. In their study, researchers selected 40 psychology students and 40 engineering students. Each student was made to wait individually in a waiting room, along with an undercover assistant who yawned 10 times in as many minutes. The students were then administered an emotional quotient test: Students were shown 40 images of eyes and asked what emotion each one displayed.
The results of the test support the idea that contagious yawning is linked to empathy. The psychology students-whose future profession requires them to focus on others-yawned contagiously an average of 5.5 times in the waiting room and scored 28 out of 40 on the emotional test. The engineering students--who tend to focus on things like numbers and systems-yawned an average of 1.5 times and scored 25.5 out of 40 on the following test. The difference doesn't sound like much, but researchers consider it significant. Strangely, women, who are generally considered more emotionally attuned, didn't score any higher than men.
These findings support what neurologists found through brain imaging: Contagious yawning is associated with the same parts of the brain that deal with empathy. These regions, the precuneus and posterior temporal gyrus, are located in the back of the brain. And although the link  yawning and empathy has been established, explanations for the link are still being investigated.
Researchers are looking into the world of development disorders and at higher.primates for answers to this riddle.
Primate Yawing, Autism and Contagious Yawning Yawning may serve a number of functions, and these functions might be different for different animals. Humans aren't the only animals that yawn--even fish do. But only humans and chimpanzees, our closest relative in the animal kingdom, have shown definite contagious yawning.
One study, conducted in Kyoto, Japan, observed six chimps in captivity. Chimps were shown videos of other chimps yawning, along with chimps that opened their mouths but did not yawn. Of the six, two chimps yawned contagiously a number of times. Even more interesting, like their human counterparts under age 5, the three chimp infants showed no susceptibility to contagious yawning.
This may be related to the fact that empathy is taught and learned. If contagious yawning is the result of empathy, then contagious yawning wouldn't exist until the ability to empathize was learned. But what if empathy is never developed?
Another study, led by cognitive researcher Atsushi Senju, sought to answer that question.
People with autism spectrum disorder are considered to be developmentally impaired emotionally. Autistics have trouble connecting with others and find it difficult to feel empathy. Since autistics have difficulty feeling empathy, then they shouldn't be susceptible to contagious yawning.
TO find out, Senju and his colleagues placed 48 kids aged 7 to 15 in a room with a television. Twenty-four of the test subjects had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, the other half were non-autistic kids. Like the Kyoto chimp study, the test subjects were shown short clips of people yawning as well as clips of people opening their mouths but not yawning.
While the kids with autism had the same lack of reaction to both kinds of clips, the non-autistic kids yawned more after the clips of people yawning.
But there could be another interpretation to Senju's findings. Autistics tend to focus on the mouths of people with whom they interact. But contagious yawning is thought to be cued---not by movements in the mouth area--but by changes to the area around the yawning person's eyes. This could explain why autistics are less susceptible to contagious yawning -perhaps they're just missing the cues.
However, that notion is undermined by another study. Conducted by researchers at Yale University, this study examined the reactions of autistic adults while they watched emotionally charged scenes from the movie, "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" Researchers found that those autistics who watched the eyes of the characters didn't register any more emotional reaction than those who focused on the mouth. This indicates that contagious yawning amounts to more than just cues; the autistics who watched the eyes received little information from the cues they found there.
It's become pretty clear that contagious yawning is linked to empathy. But why?Perhaps the best explanation for why we yawn, as well as why yawning is contagious, can be found around the watering hole on the savannah tens of thousands of years ago.
Some scientists believe that yawning is an involuntary response to a stressful situation: When we yawn, we increase the blood flow to the brain, thus making us more alert. Contagious yawning may be a method of quiet communication by which our ancestors spread the word that a hungry lion was nearby. Fear is an emotion with which we can empathize, and yawning may serve  we spread that fear.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答;8-10题在答题卡1上。
1. Whether or not you're easily influenced by contagious yawning may be linked to __


A :the personality of the person you are talking to
B :how much empathy you feel for others
C :your reaction when you see someone yawning
D :the ability to avoid other's influence
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2. Early empathy is important for us in that __


A :parents first show their empathy to us"
B :it is related to contagious yawning
C :it's an important part of cognitive development
D :it affects our later life a lot
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3. The results of the Leeds University's test show that __


A :the less a man focuses on others, the higher he scores
B :men didn't score any higher than women
C :contagious yawning and empathy are related to the same parts of the brain
D :it explained the link yawning and empathy
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4. Contagious yawning wouldn't exist unless __


A :the ability of yawning is taught
B :the abilitv to emnathize is learned
C :empathy is never developed
D :vawning is controlled well
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5. Why autistics are less susceptible to contagious yawning?


A :Autistics have difficulty feeling empathy
B :Autistics can't communicate with others
C :Autistics are not able to learn yawning
D :Autistics focus much on people's eyes
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6. Another interpretation to Senju's findings is that contagious yawning is thought to be cued by ___


A :movements in the yawning person's mouth area
B :yawning person's appearance
C :changes on emotion reaction
D :changes around the yawning person's eyes
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7. According to the Yale University's study,  susceptible to contagious yawning?


A :They didn't register any emotional reaction
B :They didn't understand the movie
C :They received little information from the cues around people's eyes
D :They didn't understand what people say just by seeing movement of mouths
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请根据上面给出的内容,来回答下面的简答题(共3题)。

8. The reason why contagious yawning is linked to empathy was_____________
 

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9. Some scientists believe that yawning is just to make us_____________
 

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10. Yawning may be considered  people spread an emotion, and with the emotion_____________
 

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Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)


请根据上面给出的内容,来回答下面的单项选择题(下列每小题备选答案中,只有一个符合题意的正确答案。每小题0分,共25题。)

11.


A :In the laundry
B :In the tailor's
C :In the department store
D :At home
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12.


A :It started to rain when she was at the beach
B :She'd like the man to go to the beach with her
C :The forecast calls for more rain tomorrow
D :She won't go to the beach tomorrow if it rains
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13.


A :There will be a short delay
B :There will be a long delay
C :The flight has been canceled
D :The condition is still uncertain
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14.


A :He usually assigns homework
B :He didn't teach class today
C :He usually talks quietly
D :He noticed that the students didn't do their homework
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15.


A :Go home to get a book
B :Return a book to the library
C :Ask the librarian for help in finding a book
D :Take a book from the library for the woman
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16.


A :Shop for new clothes
B :Lose some weight
C :Have his jeans altered
D :Wear clothes that fit more tightly
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17.


A :He has already taken a picture of the flowers
B :He doesn't know how to use the camera
C :He doesn't think the flowers are beautiful
D :He does not have any more film left
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18.


A :Decide which movie to see
B :Order his food quickly
C :Go to a later movie
D :Go to a different restaurant
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Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19.


A :A class presentation they're preparing
B :A television program the man is watching
C :Visiting a close friend of theirs
D :Studying for a test
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20.


A :He's taking a break from studying
B :He has already finished studying
C :He was assigned to watch a program by his professor
D :He's finding out some information for a friend
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21.


A :He didn't know that she was enrolled in a linear algebra course
B :He thought she preferred to study alone
C :He thought she had made arrangements to study with
D :He had told her that he had done poorly on a recent test
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22.


A :He and Elizabeth quarreled recently
B :He heard Elizabeth did poorly on the last test
C :He doesn't want to bother Elizabeth so late at night
D :He'd rather study in his own dormitory
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Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have jnst heard.
23.


A :Name
B :Address
C :Receipt
D :Phone number
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24.


A :For customs' check
B :For security check
C :For convenience'S sake
D :For the company's sake
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25.


A :The time needed for sending the parcel
B :The flight time to New York
C :The parcel's destination
D :Parcel collection
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Section B
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26.


A :To include mass production and the assembly line among Henry Ford's accomplishments
B :To report the origin of the minimum wage
C :To credit Henry Ford with industrial reforms
D :To defend Henry Ford's practices
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27.


A :Three
B :Eight
C :Ten
D :Twelve
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28.


A :The five-dollar-a-day minimum wage
B :Education and training programs
C :Labor unions
D :Sick leaves
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Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29.


A :Much competition has to be faced
B :Many employees have no work experience
C :The young people only care about how much they can earn
D :Schools fail to offer students appropriate vocational guidance
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30.


A :Because they have ruined their talents
B :Because they have taken on an unsuitable job
C :Because they think of nothing but their salary
D :Because they are not aware of their own potential
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31.


A :Your job must suit your interest
B :Your job must set a pattern of life
C :Your job must offer you a high salary
D :Your job must not ruin your talents
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Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32.


A :It centers on convincing the reader that cheating is immoral
B :It centers on discussing the reasons the cheating
C :It centers on describing how students cheat on exam
D :It centers on discussing how to control cheating
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33.


A :It is forgivable to cheat unless money is involved
B :There has been a quick increase in cheating
C :Most cheaters are college students
D :Cheaters is regardless of guilt and regret
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34.


A :Cheating is widespread because the society is too tolerant
B :Cheatirig is the result of intense pressure
C :Cheating is cheating, whether on a test or on any other occasions
D :Cheating comes together with civilization
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35.


A :One wants something badly
B :One can't get something in a right way
C :It is not very likely to be revealed
D :A series of things has to be dealt with
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请根据上面给出的内容,来回答下面的简答题(共1题)。

Section C
注意:此部分试题在答题卡2上;请在答题卡2上作答。
Surging growth in international travel is driving revenue increases at the foreign units of U.S. online travel agencies and has spurred heated (36) ________________________for a bigger slice of the lucrative and (37) ________________________ market.
Companies like Orbitz Worldwide Inc. and Priceline.com  efforts to attract customers to their sites( 38 ) ________________________, and at least one U.S. travel site, Vayama, has ( 39 ) ________________________itself entirely to international bookings for travel to and from the United States.
Growth in bookings made outside the United States far outpaces the growth in U.S. (40) ________________________bookings.
That is partly because more people are traveling and partly because travelers are increasingly comfortable trusting their(41) ________________________to websites, said Orbitz Chief Executive Steve Barnhart.
"It's a competitive market place in the United states, and it's going to be a very competitive marketplace (42) ________________________,
" Barnhart said in an interview on Monday.
Earlier this week Orbitz said it has  , its online travel company in Europe, with more ( 43 ) ________________________and user reviews with the goal of attracting more European bookings.
(44) ________________________up from $24.5 billion in 2004, according to travel research company PhoCusWright.
(45) ________________________The number of international passengers on U.S. airlines rose 3.8% in the first five months of 2007 from the comparable period a year earlier.
Vayama CEO Andre Hesselink said (46)________________________
 

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Part IV Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)


请根据上面给出的内容,来回答下面的简答题(共1题)。

Section A
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Water pollution affects man's health, recreational use of water, industrial of water and sense of beauty. The spread of water-carried disease is of great concern. In highly _47_ countries in particular, emphasis has _48_ from concern over bacterial disease to concern over water-carried viral (病毒性的) disease. Viral hepatitis (肝炎), for example, has been found to 49 more frequently in cities whose water supplies have 50 high levels of water impurity. Poisonous chemicals found in streams that are ultimately used for water supplies also create an important public health problem.
It is clear that poisonous 51 must be excluded from water, but more and more chemicals from new pesticides,fertilizers, and other new products have been found in water. Since the public health 52 of these chemicals is not yet fully known, they are of increasing concern. The chemicals from fertilizers are also finding their way into water supplies from groundwater pollution.
As man's desire for water-based recreation increases, greater demands are placed on the quality of water. The water must not only be 53 in appearance but also meet certain other conditions. Sports such as swimming involve _54__ contact with water, and so water standards are raised higher.
The range of water quality necessary for 55 processes varies greatly with the intended use of water. The water used in steel mills, for example, must have a lower chloride (氯化物 ) level than that accepted for drinking water. Cooling water can Of ten be of comparatively low sanitary quality. A large part of the water used in the paper-making industry can be of relatively low quality in some aspects, but must 56 little iron and carbon dioxide.
 

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请根据上面给出的内容,来回答下面的单项选择题(下列每小题备选答案中,只有一个符合题意的正确答案。每小题0分,共10题。)

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Section B
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
From bankers to factory staff, employees in the West face the bleak prospect of losing ~heir jobs as a global recession starts to bite. For colleagues in the East, the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut.
Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian firms try harder to preserve jobs in difficult times, which will stem unemployment and may help kcep Asian economies afloat at a time of slowing exports. The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for firm s to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, leaving some experts predicting a Western shift to Eastern flexibility.
"In the Confucian mindset, the right thing to do is to share the burden. There's that sense of collective responsibility whereas in the West, it's more about individual survival," said Michael Benoliel, associate professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University (SMU). Steven Pang, Asia regional director for Aquent, a headhunting firm, said in many East Asian companies there was an obligation "to take care of members of the family and go through the pain together"
even if that meant incurring losses.
In contrast, Westem counterparts often felt compelled to make dramatic statements to show investors they were serious about cost-cutting, Pang said. US firms from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousands, but at the Asian units of Western multinationals, job cuts will probably be less severe. Japan's jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 percent in January, while Hong Kong's was fiat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January.
Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals from abroad.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57. What does the author mean by saying "For colleagues in the East, the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut"?


A :The Eastern employees will experience more pains
B :The Eastern employees will lose their jobs as the Westerns
C :The Eastern employees will get fewer incomes
D :The Eastern employees won't get any pay in one year
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58. When facing the global recession, the Western and the Eastern workers experience differently because of_______


A :different economic situations
B :different life styles
C :different attitudes towards work
D :different cultures
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59. According to the third paragraph, we can know that_______


A :the Eastern firms pay more attention to individual survival
B :the Western firms will share the burden unless incurring losses
C :the Eastern firms would rather preserve jobs in difficult times
D :the Western firms care more about members of the family
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60. The differences in labor between the East and the West will die away gradually because of_______


A :the development of global economy
B :the introduction of the best principles
C :the expansion of multinational firms
D :the furious competition
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61. What is the author's purpose in writing this article?


A :To describe the job market in the East and the West
B :To discuss a cultural divide between the East and the West
C :To describe the current economic situation
D :To discuss Eastern and Western employees' lives
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Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Researchers have created a "beauty machine" they say can turn a woman's photo into the likeness of a cover model with the push of a button. The goal is not just to toy with pictures. Sure, the new computer software could help editors distort magazine cover photos even more than they already do. But it could also guide plastic surgeons ( 整形医师) in efforts to achieve some perceived level of perfection in a patient. Or the software might even be incorporated into future digital cameras to make us all appear gorgeous, the researchers suggest.
Attractiveness--for men or women--can be objectified by a computer and boiled down to a function of mathematical distances or ratios, Cohen-Or said, admitting that the work is likely to be controversial. "Beauty can be quantified by mathematical measurements and ratios. It can be definedas average distances between features, which a majority of people agree are the most beautiful," he said. "I don't claim to know much about beauty. For us, every picture in this research project is just a collection of numbers."
Cohen-Or and colleagues asked 68 Israeli and German men and women, aged 25 to 40, to rank the beauty of 93 different men's and women's faces on a scale of 1 to 7. The scores were entered into a database and correlated to 250 different measurements and facial features, such as ratios of the nose, chin and distance from ears to eyes. From this, they created an algorithm of "desirable elements of attractiveness" that then spits out the new you.
The beauty machine is more subtle than a typical Photoshop makeover. The machine does not seem to work so well on celebrities, however. "We've run the faces of people like Brigitte Bardot and Woody Allen through the machine and most people are very Unhappy with the results," Cohen-Or said. "But in unfamiliar faces, most would agree the output is better."
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62. What is said about the "beauty machine" in the first paragraph?


A :It can be used by any person who wants herself/ himself to be beautiful
B :It can just help editors make more beautiful pictures
C :It can lead plastic surgeons achieve a better result in a patient
D :It can be used in digital camera to make us more beautiful now
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63. According to Cohen-Or, ________


A :the computer software will be popular in the future
B :attractiveness can be quantifiedbymathematical ratios
C :beauty is what a minority of people agree on
D :nobody knows much about beauty
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64. What's the purpose of Cohen-Or's research project?


A :To know more about beauty
B :To collect numbers
C :To create an algorithm
D :To optimize the machine
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65. According to the last paragraph, we can know that________


A :the computer software works better on well-known stars
B :in Brigitte Bardot's face, the result will be better
C :people who are unfamiliar faces are satisfied by using the machine
D :Woody Allen looks much beautiful by using the machine
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66. The passage mainly talks about ________


A :the new computer software to create beauty
B :advantages of the new computer software
C :how to use the new computer software
D :people's opinions about beauty
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Part V Cloze (15 minutes )
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。


请根据上面给出的内容,来回答下面的单项选择题(下列每小题备选答案中,只有一个符合题意的正确答案。每小题0分,共20题。)

Google already has a window into our souls through our Intemet searches and it now has insight into our ailing bodies too. The lnternet giant is using its vast database of individual search terms to 67 the emergence of flu up to two weeks 68 government epidemiologists. Google Flu Trends uses the 69_ of people to seek online help for their health problems. By tracking 70 for terms such as "cough", "fever" and "aches and pains", it claims to be able to 71 estimate where fluis 72.
Google tested the idea in nine regions of the US and found I could accurately predict flu 73 between 7 and 14 days earlier thin the federal centres for disease control and prevention. Google hopes the idea could also be used to help 74 other diseases. Flu Trends is limited 75 the US. Jeremy Ginsberg and Matt Mohebb.
two software engineers 76 in the project, said that 77 in Google search queries can be very 78 . In a blogpost on the project they wrote: "It turns 79 that traditional flu surveillance systems take 1 to 2 weeks to collect and 80 surveillance data but Google search queries can be 81 counted very quickly. By making our estimates 82 each day, Flu Trends may provide an early-warning system for outbreaks of influenza." They explained that 83 information health would be kept 84 . "Flu Trends can never be used to identify individual users 85 we rely on anonymised, aggregated  certain search queries 86 each week."
67.


A :predict
B :suppose
C :propose
D :present
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68.


A :with
B :after
C :before
D :during
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69.


A :tendency
B :adaptability
C :adoptability
D :direction
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70.


A :symptoms
B :diseases
C :targets
D :searches
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71.


A :reluctantly
B :accurately
C :deceptively
D :suitably
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72.


A :calculating
B :circling
C :circulating
D :cycling
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73.


A :outbreaks
B :outputs
C :outtakes
D :outcomes
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74.


A :trade
B :trend
C :treat
D :track
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75.


A :on
B :to
C :of
D :for
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76.


A :included
B :involved
C :revolved
D :inclined
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77.


A :signals
B :functions
C :formularies
D :patterns
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78.


A :informative
B :knowledgeable
C :familiar
D :attractive
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79.


A :off
B :up
C :out
D :on
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80.


A :relieve
B :release
C :dismiss
D :discover
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81.


A :immediately
B :artificially
C :consistently
D :automatically
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82.


A :available
B :valuable
C :practicable
D :acceptable
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83.


A :promise
B :primary
C :premise
D :private
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84.


A :essential
B :confidential
C :substantial
D :potential
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85.


A :even
B :when
C :because
D :although
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86.


A :occur
B :incur
C :rescue
D :recur
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Part VI Translation(5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
注意:此部分试题在答题卡2上;请在答题卡2上作答。


请根据上面给出的内容,来回答下面的简答题(共5题)。

87.During the last night,hardly____________________ (他一开始睡觉)when the telephone ring awakened him.
 

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88.The film was so boring that____________________ (观众忍不住离开了剧场).
 

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89.She shut the window lest____________________ (外面的噪声会打扰她儿子睡觉).
 

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90.He made such a contribution to the town that____________________ (以他的名字为其中一条路命名). 
 

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91.It was imperative that____________________(秘书在十二点之前把这封电报发到美国).
 

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综合题快速到达:123456